call现在分词
中考重点核心词汇详解(C)!,下面一起来看看本站小编一枝寒梅初中英语数学给大家精心整理的答案,希望对您有帮助
C部分词汇
1. call
v.(给……)打电话;称呼;叫;
n.电话;呼叫
用法小结→关联词组:
①动词短语:
call for要求,需要;提倡;
call off=cancel取消;
call back回电;叫回,收回;
call up打电话;召集;征召(入伍)
call on/upon呼吁,号召;拜访
②名词短语:
make a (telephone) call打电话;
give sb. a call给某人打电话
中考例句:(2019年,浙江卷,词汇运用)Lydia runs and picks up rubbish along the way. What shedoes is called "plogging", an activity combining collectingrubbish with running
2. cancelv. 取消,撤销
用法小结→关联词组:
cancel button取消按钮
词形变化:过去式canceled或cancelled,
过去分词canceled或cancelled,
过去分词canceling或cancelling
近义词:call off
易混单词:cancer n.癌症
中考例句:(2019年,江苏卷,词汇运用)
37.-The plan for summer study trip may be ______________ (cancel).
-Really? I'm looking forward to it.
3. capital
n. 首都,省会;资本;大写字母;
adj.首都的,省会的;资本的;大写的
用法小结→关联词组:
capital city省会城市;
capital letter大写字母
易混单词:captain n.船长,队长;(海军)上校
中考例句:(2019年,山东卷,单项填空)
16. Berlin is _________capital of Germany.
A./ B. a C. the
4.careful adj.小心的,谨慎的;仔细的
用法小结:
①Becareful!用作祈使句,意思是“小心!”,表示提醒
②becareful of (about)…表示“当心,留意”
③becareful with表示做某事很小心或仔细
词性转换:
carefully adv.小心地,仔细地;
carefulness n.小心,仔细;
care v.在乎;关心
反义词:careless
adj.粗心大意的;漫不经心的
中考例句:(2019年,山东卷,动词应用)
The host usually makes full ____14____ bycarefully tidying up thehouse and _____15_____ a lot of delicious dishes.
14 A. plans B. decisions
C.preparations
15. A. enjoying B. cooking
C. washing
5. catch v.&n.赶上;抓住,捕捉
词形变化:过去式caught,过去分词caught
关联词组:
catch up (with)赶上,追上;
catch a cold感冒了;
catch fire着火;
catch one’s breath喘气
中考例句:(2019年,江苏卷,单项填空)
6.“Put on your coat, youwill catch a cold!” This is what my mum often says to me.
A.and B. but C. or D. so
6. causev.引起,导致
用法小结→关联词组:
cause trouble惹麻烦
用法:cause sb./sth. to do sth.
使得……做某事;
常用语被动语态:
sth. is caused by…
某事是由……引起的
中考例句:(2019年,江苏卷,动词应用)The accident 69 (cause) by a fight between the driver and a passenger, killing all 15 people on the bus.
7. celebrate v.庆祝
用法小结→关联词组:
celebrate Christmas庆祝圣诞节
词性转换:celebration n.庆祝,庆典
中考例句:(2019年,江苏卷,单项填空)
38. I plan to go abroad to celebrate my twentieth birthday in ___________ (八月) .
8. centren.中心,中央
美式拼写:center
用法小结→关联词组:
shopping centre购物中心;
in the centre of…处于……的中心
词性转换:central adj.中心的,中枢的
中考例句:(2019年,浙江卷,阅读B)
30.How can we do trampolining safely?
A.Buy an expensive trampoline.
B.Jump in the centerof a trampoline.
C.Choose a trampoline without a net.
D.Lose weight before startingtrampolining.
9. centuryn.世纪,百年
用法小结:一般放在序数词的后面,表示第几个世纪,如二十一世纪:the 21stcentury
中考例句:(2019年,浙江卷,阅读C)
The radio telescope thusappeared, and it is considered one of the greatest inventions in the twentieth century.
10. certainadj. 确定的,无疑的,一定会
用法小结:
关联词组:to a certain degree/extent
一定程度上;
for certain肯定,确定,无疑
用法:be certain that确定,肯定;
be certain of/about sth.肯定(确信)某事;
be certain to do sth.一定/确定做某事;
be certain of doing sth.有把握做某事
词性转换:certainly adv.当然
certainty n.确定性;确实的事
同义词:sure adj.一定的,确信的
中考例句:(2019年,北京卷,阅读C)
To a certain degree, we can understand and control our experience of time passing.
11. chance
n. 机会;可能性
用法小结:
关联词组:
by chance=by accident偶然;
byany chance万一;
take one’s chance碰运气;
give sb. a chance给某人一次机会;
the chances are that…可能……
中考例句:(2019年,北京卷,完形)
Since I was ___15___prepared, I felt that mychances of winning were strong.
15.A. fully B. quickly
C. freshly D. physically
12. choose v.选择
用法小结:
词形变化:过去式chose,过去分词chosen
关联词组:
choose from挑选,从……中选择;
choose between A and B在A和B中做出选择;
choose to do sth.选择做某事
词性转换:
choice n.选择:
make a choice做出选择;
have no choice别无选择
中考例句:(2019,江苏卷,短文填空)
For the first fewmonths I chose to eat in Sichuan Or Hunan style restaurants instead of eating much __16__ food.
16. A. fresh B.local
C.Chinese D. frozen
13. collect
v.收集,聚集
用法小结:
关联词组:
collect information收集信息;
collect stamps集邮
词性转换:
collection n.收集,采集;收藏品:
a collection of(收藏的)一些,一批
中考例句:(2019,浙江卷,词汇运用)
What she does is called"plogging", an activity combining collecting rubbish with running.
14. comfortable
adj.令人舒适的;感到舒服的
关联词组:
make oneself comfortable别拘束,别客气;
feel comfortable感到舒服
词性转换:comfortably adv.舒适地;
comfort n.舒适;安慰;
v.安慰,使(痛苦)缓和
中考例句:(2019,山东卷,完形填空)
Remember that usually Chinese people will not open the gift in front of the person who gives ____11____. To show the respect, it maybe ____12____ to explain what the giftis.
11. A. it B. them C.that
12. A. necessary B. careful
C.comfortable
15. communicate
v. 沟通,交流;交际;传
用法小结:
关联词组:communicate with与……交流;
communicate in (English)用(英语)交流
词性转换:communication n.交流;通信,通讯:
international communication国际交流
中考例句:(2019,北京卷,阅读D)
33. What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage?
A.To question about the standards of information storage.
B.To discuss our problems ofcommunicationwith machines.
C.To stress the importance of improving our memorizing ability.
D.To remind us of the risk of depending on machines to remember.
16. compare
v. 比较,对比
①compare Awith B“比较A和B”,侧重二者的区别
②compare Ato B“把A比作B”,侧重比喻,比拟,指出二者的相似关系
③compared with/to+名词,“与……相比”,通常放在句首或句子中间,充当状语成分。例如:
Comparedwith cars, bikes are more environmental.
与轿车相比,自行车更加环保。
词性转换:comparison n.比较,对比:
make a comparison (between A and B)
(在A和B之间)做比较;
by comparison比较起来;
incomparison with…同……比较起来
中考例句:(2019,北京卷,完形)
My plan wasn’t to make promises to do things I couldn’t ___14___ but to show my class why I wanted to be president.
14.A. compare B. remember
C. manage D. repeat
17. competition
n.竞争,比赛
用法小结:
关联词组:sports competition运动竞赛;
fair/unfair competition公平/不公平竞争;
incompetition with同……竞争
词性转换:
compete v.竞争,比赛;
competitor n.竞争者,对手;
competitive adj.有竞争力的
中考例句:(2019,山东卷,单项填空)
6.The English Speech Competition the best in her. As a result, she is more active now.
A.checked out B. tried out
C. left out D. brought out
18. completev.完成,结束;adj.完成的,完整的
作动词:The work should be completed in one year.
这项工作应该在一年内完成。
作形容词:
This is a complete story.
这是一个完整的故事。
词性转换:
completion n.完成,结束;
completed adj.完成的;
completely=totally adv.完全地,彻底地
反义词:incomplete adj.不完全的,不完整的
中考例句:(2019,江苏卷,单项填空)
-Keep quiet! I need complete_______when I'm working.
-Sorry, dad. I won't make any noise again.
A. trust B. silence
C. control D.strength
19. condition
n.条件,状况
用法小结:
关联词组:
in good/bad condition情况良好/糟糕;
on condition that…在(某事发生)的条件下
用法:当用来表示“天气”、“(居住、工作或做事情的)环境,境况”时,通常使用复数conditions。如:
The plants grow best in cool, damp conditions.
这种植物最适合在阴凉、潮湿的环境下生长。
中考例句:(2019,浙江卷,阅读D)
Carl made friends with the correspondents, and got Millet's condition reported to England and all over the continent, and America, and everywhere.
20. connect
v.连接,把……联系起来
用法小结:
①connect A with B表示“把A和B联系起来(或连接在一起)”,A和B之间不分主次;
②connect A to B表示“把A连接到B上”,通常以A为主,以B为辅;
③通常可用and代替介词with或to,变成connect A and B的形式。
词性转换:
connection n.关系,连接;
connected adj.有关联的:
be (closely) connected with与……(紧密)相关
中考例句:(2019,江苏卷,完形)
However, after falling in love with the city. I came to realize that the food is so closely___17___ with its local culture.
17. A. connected B. covered
C.compared D. charged
21. consider
v.考虑,认为
用法小结:
关联词组:
consider doing sth.考虑做某事;
consider sth. as…把某事看作……
词性转换:
consideration n.考虑:
take sth. into consideration=consider sth.考虑某事;
in consideration of…考虑到……,顾及……
中考例句:(2019,江苏卷,阅读D)
In fact, I think a garden is a really bad idea. I don't know why we're even considering it.
22. continue
v.继续
用法小结:
①continue with sth.继续做某事,with后面接名词
②continue doing sth.继续做某事,指继续做同一件事
③continueto do sth.继续做某事,指一件事做完后,继续做另一件事
比较:After drinking a cup of coffee, I continued to do my homework.
(喝咖啡之前我是在做别的事而不是做作业)
After drinking a cup of coffee, I continued doing my homework.
(喝咖啡之前我在做作业但没做完,喝完以后继续做)同义词:
continue=go on
中考例句:(2019,浙江卷,完形)
She tried to finish the song, but the audience (观众) began to whistle and got angry. Mrs. Chaplin could not continue any longer and walked ___7___ the stage crying.
7.A. onto B.off C. towards D. around
23. correct
v.纠正,改正;adj.正确的,对的
用法小结:
同义词:right adj.正确的,对的
反义词:wrong adj.错误的;
incorrect adj.不正确的
词性转换:
correctly adv.错误地;
correctness n.正确性;
correction n.纠正
中考例句:(2019,山东卷,阅读表达)Many people believe smart machines are necessarilycorrect and objective, but machines are trained through a repeated testing and scoring process. In the process, human beings still decide on the correct answers.
24. cost
v.花费,值(多少钱);n.价格
词形变化:过去式cost,过去分词cost
用法小结:
关联词组:
at the cost of 以……为代价;
at all costs 不惜任何代价;
at any cost 无论如何
动词用法:表示“花费”的三个动词spend、cost和take的区别:
①spend的主语必须是“人”,宾语可以是钱,精力,时间等,其后接on(for)+名词或用in(可省)+动名词;
②cost可用于表示花时间和金钱,其主语一般是“物”或“事”,表示“花费”、“耗费”;
③take常用于“占用、花费”时间,其主语通常为形式主语“it”或某物。句式是:
It takessb. some time to do sth.=
Sth. takes sb. some time.
中考例句:(2019,山东卷,单项填空)
Roy works in London. It _______him about half an hour to get to work by busevery day.
A. costs B. spends C. takes
25. create
v.创造,创作;造成,产生
用法小结:
同义词:produce,make
词性转换:
creation n.创造,创作;产物,作品;
creative adj.创新的,有创造性的:
creative power创造力;
creative thinking创新思维
中考例句:(2019,山东卷,单项填空)
Around the world, 300 million tons of plastic _______each year, of which about 10 percent ends up in the sea.
A. is created B.was created C. creates
26. culture
n.文化,文明
关联词组:
traditional culture传统文化;
western culture西方文化;
local culture本土文化;
popular culture流行文化,大众文化;
词性转换:
cultural adj.文化的,文化上的
中考例句:(2019,浙江卷,词汇填空)
More and more people have realized the importance ofspreading our _____________(传统的) culture.
27. cut
v.切,剪,削,割;
n.切,割;伤口;理发
用法小结:
词形变化:过去式cut,过去分词cut,现在分词cutting
动词词组:
cut off切断,中断;
cut down砍到;削减;
cut in插嘴,插入;
cut up切碎
名词词组:power cut停电,供电中断
关联单词:
shortcut n.捷径;
haircut n.理发;发型
中考例句:(2019,山东卷,词形转换)
Have you ever cut your finger on the edge (边缘) of a book page? The small cut on your finger is so_____________. (pain)
声明:整理自网络!
2021年新高考I卷英语试题第二部分阅读题第二节要求“从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项”。该题有“七选五”、“句子还原”等称谓。从命题的本意上看,就是深度考查考生对文章整体意义、句段之间的逻辑关系等理解和把握能力。
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了夫妇在法国巴黎一家旅馆体验生活的经历。文章描述了夫妇入住旅馆、购买食品蔬菜、喝咖啡时的所见所闻所感。本文旨在培养学生正确的生活价值观。
36. F 主旨句。设空处前句提到just spent a week in Paris,后句又提到So the first thing we did was rent a... apartment.由此可知,本句是要表达“夫妇租住的目的或目标”这层意思,F项“我们的目标就是看看我们是否如同真正巴黎人那样生活。”承上文,接下文,符合语境。故选F。
37. C 细节题。根据设空处前句the plumbing ( 水管 ) worked和后句Our building even had a tiny lift判断,这里需要一个描述细节的句子。C项“有一个漂亮厨房和一张舒适的床”正好承接上线文,符合语境与逻辑。故选C。
38. G 细节题。根据上文的they eat great food and never gain weight和下文的French strawberries do not taste like可知,这里需要一个表达 strawberries味道程度的句子。G项“这种食物是如此地美味以至于你不需吃多少就开心了”,符合题意。故选G。
39. E 过渡句。上一段文字评述someone(they)对 strawberries的感知,设空处位于该段的段首,即小结上文,又开启下文I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries,在语意上起过渡作用。E项“那就是法国人吃得比我们少的原因”恰好符合题意。故选E。
40. A 转折题。设空处前句提到 French cafés are always crowded. 设空处后句又提到When do these people work? The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously....由此可知,语意由“闲”转“忙”,本句应该是一个转折句。A项“并非所有的顾客都是游客”符合题意。故选A。
【长难句分析】The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously — so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.(最后一段最后一句)。
分析:这是一个复合句。句中的so ...that...引导结果状语从句。从句中limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call为现在分词短语,后置修饰a deal,而在这个作定语的现在分词短语中,又有一个that引导的定语从句,修饰hours。
译文:法国人每周认真工作35小时——是如此地认真以致于一些劳动工会近来与一些公司达成协议,要求限制独立合同中随叫随到的时间总量。
词汇积累: strike a deal 成交,达成协议; contractors 合同; be on call 随叫随到。
附:2021年新高考I卷英语第二部分阅读题第二节真题
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. 36 So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.
The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing ( 水管 ) worked. 37 Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes,” in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it.
Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. 38 French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
39 On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!
In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency (效率).You can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always crowded. 40 When do these people work? The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously — so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.
A.Not all the customers are tourists.
B.The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C.There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D.The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E.That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F.Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G.The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
(文本为原创;图片选自头条号免费正版图库)
非谓语动词一直以来都是高考英语语法填空题的必考点。今天小编将近五年高考题中语法填空题涉及的非谓语动词进行总结,希望可以为同学们解答这一类题型提供助力。
▲2019 年
全国卷 I
Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 64 (perform) consistently over a large area.
Scientists have responded by 67 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are.
全国卷 II
A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for 61 (be) Britain’s oldest full-time employee — still working 40 hours a week.
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans 65 (retire) from her 36-year-old business.
When we got a call 68 (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.
全国卷 III
On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take 62 (get) there.
On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, 70 (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
浙江卷
But?some?students?didn’t?want? 63? (wear)?the?uniform.
▲2018 年
全国卷 I
You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.
全国卷 II
Another reason for corn’s rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64 (improve) water quality.
China’s approach to protecting its environment while 70 (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.
全国卷 III
I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 64 (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel 65 (challenge).
Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 70 (stay) and watch.
浙江卷
I still remember 59 (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
▲2017 年
全国卷 I
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.
Fast food is full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
全国卷 II
This included digging up the road, 63 (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.
全国卷 III
But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61 (rest).
But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.
浙江卷
Sixteen?years?earlier,?Pahlsson?had?removed?the?diamond?ring?? 61?? (cook)?a?meal.
Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish.
▲2016 年
全国卷 I
But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter 66 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 67 (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
全国卷 II
If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely 69 (bring) your work home.
全国卷 III
Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 63 (create) special designs.
People probably cooked their food in large pots, 64 (use) twigs(树枝) to remove it.
▲2015 年
全国卷 I
A?study?of?travelers 68 (conduct)?by?the?website?Trip Advisor?names?Yangshuo?as?one?of?the?top?10?destinations?in?the?world.
Abercrombie?&?Kent,?a?travel?company?in?Hong?Kong,?says?it regularly?arranges?quick?gateways?here?for?people 70 (live)?in?Shanghai?and?Hong?Kong.
全国卷 II
The adobe dwellings (土坯房) 61 (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without 64 (use) electric equipment.
When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 66 (cool) the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night.
答案
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▲2019 年
全国卷 I
64. to perform 该句为 “be + 形容词 + 不定式” 结构,主语 methods 与谓语动词 perform 为被动关系,但需用不定式的主动式作状语。
67. noting 介词后用 note 的动词 -ing 形式 noting 作宾语。
全国卷 II
61. being 介词后用动词 -ing 形式作宾语。
65. to retire 名词 plan 后接不定式作后置定语。
68. saying 名词 call 与 say 之间为主动关系,故用现在分词形式作后置定语。
全国卷 III
62. to get 分析句子结构可知,it takes + 时间 + to do sth 中,it 作形式主语,动词不定式作真正的主语。
70. listening 主语 we 与 listen 之间为主动关系,故用现在分词形式作状语。
浙江卷
63. to wear want 后通常接不定式 to do sth。
▲2018 年
全国卷 I
62. to see 根据句意 “要见到效果,你不必快跑或长时间地跑”, to see 作目的状语。
63. dying 介词后用 die 的动名词形式 dying。
全国卷 II
64. to improve 根据语境 “改善水质” 是 “政府鼓励农民种玉米而不种水稻”的目的,动词不定式作目的状语。
70. feeding when / while + 现在分词短语作时间状语,相当于when / while 引导的时间状语从句。
全国卷 III
64. looking avoid 后接动名词作宾语。avoid doing sth 意为 “避免做某事”。
65. challenged 主语 he 与 challenge(对……挑战)之间为被动关系,故用过去分词形式。
70. to stay allow sb to do sth是固定结构,意为 “允许某人做某事”,因此应填 to stay。
浙江卷
59. visiting remember doing sth 意为 “记得做过某事”。
▲2017 年
全国卷 I
63. to process 根据语境“需要它们(脂肪和盐)来处理食物” 和关键词
required 可知,此处应填 to process。
68. eating “by+动名词”作方式状语。此处意为 “吃大量的快餐,人们将摄入超过他们饮食所需的盐和油脂”。
全国卷 II
63. laying 63 (lay) the track 和上文的 digging up the road 及下文的 building a strong roof ... 是并列结构,因此用 laying。
全国卷 III
61. resting spend+ 一段时间 + doing sth 是固定结构, 故填 resting。
65. to prove want 后通常接不定式 to do sth。
浙江卷
61. to cook 由语境“Pahlsson 摘掉戒指去做饭”可知,不定式短语作状语,表目的。
63. swept 句子主语 ring 与 sweep 之间为被动关系, 因此用过去分词形式。
▲2016 年
全国卷 I
66. permitted 被修饰的名词和 permit 之间是被动关系,故用过去分词形式。
67. introducing include后面跟动词-ing形式作宾语,故填 introducing。
全国卷 II
69. to bring be likely to do sth 是固定结构,意为“可能做某事”,故填 to bring。
全国卷 III
63. to create 根据句意可知,这里用不定式表目的,故填 to create。
64. using 根据语境可知,use的逻辑主语是 people,两者是主动关系,用现在分词作伴随状语,故填 using。
▲2015 年
全国卷 I
68. conducted 主语 a study 与 conduct 之间为被动关系,故用过去分词形式。
70. living 被修饰的名词与 live 之间为主动关系,故用现在分词形式作后置定语。
全国卷 II
61. built 名词 dwellings 与 build 之间为被动关系,故用过去分词形式。
64. using 介词后用动名词形式,故填 using。
66. to cool 该句为“be + adj + enough +to do sth” 结构, 故填 to cool。
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